CoreText
原文出处:IOS CoreText.framework --- 基本用法
API接口文档。
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Carbon/Reference/CoreText_Framework_Ref/_index.html
CoreText 框架中最常用的几个类:
- CTFont
- CTFontCollection
- CTFontDescriptor
- CTFrame
- CTFramesetter
- CTGlyphInfo
- CTLine
- CTParagraphStyle
- CTRun
- CTTextTab
- CTTypesetter
先来了解一下该框架的整体视窗组合图:

CTFrame 作为一个整体的画布(Canvas),其中由行(CTLine)组成,而每行可以分为一个或多个小方块(CTRun)。
注意:你不需要自己创建CTRun,Core Text将根据NSAttributedString的属性来自动创建CTRun。每个CTRun对象对应不同的属性,正因此,你可以自由的控制字体、颜色、字间距等等信息。
通常处理步聚:
1.使用core text就是先有一个要显示的string,然后定义这个string每个部分的样式->attributedString -> 生成 CTFramesetter -> 得到CTFrame -> 绘制(CTFrameDraw)
其中可以更详细的设置换行方式,对齐方式,绘制区域的大小等。
2.绘制只是显示,点击事件就需要一个判断了。
CTFrame 包含了多个CTLine,并且可以得到各个line的其实位置与大小。判断点击处在不在某个line上。CTLine 又可以判断这个点(相对于ctline的坐标)处的文字范围。然后遍历这个string的所有NSTextCheckingResult,根据result的rang判断点击处在不在这个rang上,从而得到点击的链接与位置。
字体的基本知识:
字体(Font):是一系列字号、样式和磅值相同的字符(例如:10磅黑体Palatino)。现多被视为字样的同义词
字面(Face):是所有字号的磅值和格式的综合
字体集(Font family):是一组相关字体(例如:Franklin family包括Franklin Gothic、Fran-klinHeavy和Franklin Compressed)
磅值(Weight):用于描述字体粗度。典型的磅值,从最粗到最细,有极细、细、book、中等、半粗、粗、较粗、极粗
样式(Style):字形有三种形式:Roman type是直体;oblique type是斜体;utakuc type是斜体兼曲线(比Roman type更像书法体)。
x高度(X height):指小写字母的平均高度(以x为基准)。磅值相同的两字母,x高度越大的字母看起来比x高度小的字母要大
Cap高度(Cap height):与x高度相似。指大写字母的平均高度(以C为基准)
下行字母(Descender):例如在字母q中,基线以下的字母部分叫下伸部分
上行字母(Ascender):x高度以上的部分(比如字母b)叫做上伸部分
基线(Baseline):通常在x、v、b、m下的那条线
描边(Stroke):组成字符的线或曲线。可以加粗或改变字符形状
衬线(Serif):用来使字符更可视的一条水平线。如字母左上角和下部的水平线。
无衬线(Sans Serif):可以让排字员不使用衬线装饰。
方形字(Block):这种字体的笔画使字符看起来比无衬线字更显眼,但还不到常见的衬线字的程度。例如Lubalin Graph就是方形字,这种字看起来好像是木头块刻的一样
手写体脚本(Calligraphic script):是一种仿效手写体的字体。例如Murray Hill或者Fraktur字体
艺术字(Decorative):像绘画般的字体
Pi符号(Pisymbol):非标准的字母数字字符的特殊符号。例如Wingdings和Mathematical Pi
连写(Ligature):是一系列连写字母如fi、fl、ffi或ffl。由于字些字母形状的原因经常被连写,故排字员已习惯将它们连写。


字符属性名称:
//字体形状属性 必须是CFNumberRef对象默认为0,非0则对应相应的字符形状定义,如1表示传统字符形状 const CFStringRef kCTCharacterShapeAttributeName;
//字体属性 必须是CTFont对象 const CFStringRef kCTFontAttributeName;
//字符间隔属性 必须是CFNumberRef对象 const CFStringRef kCTKernAttributeName;
//设置是否使用连字属性,设置为0,表示不使用连字属性。标准的英文连字有FI,FL.默认值为1,既是使用标准连字。也就是当搜索到f时候,会把fl当成一个文字。必须是CFNumberRef 默认为1,可取0,1,2
const CFStringRef kCTLigatureAttributeName;
//字体颜色属性 必须是CGColor对象,默认为black const CFStringRef kCTForegroundColorAttributeName;
//上下文的字体颜色属性 必须为CFBooleanRef 默认为False, const CFStringRef kCTForegroundColorFromContextAttributeName;
//段落样式属性 必须是CTParagraphStyle对象 默认为NIL const CFStringRef kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName;
//笔画线条宽度 必须是CFNumberRef对象,默为0.0f,标准为3.0f const CFStringRef kCTStrokeWidthAttributeName;
//笔画的颜色属性 必须是CGColorRef 对象,默认为前景色 const CFStringRef kCTStrokeColorAttributeName;
//设置字体的上下标属性 必须是CFNumberRef对象 默认为0,可为-1为下标,1为上标,需要字体支持才行。如排列组合的样式Cn1 const CFStringRef kCTSuperscriptAttributeName;
//字体下划线颜色属性 必须是CGColorRef对象,默认为前景色 const CFStringRef kCTUnderlineColorAttributeName;
//字体下划线样式属性 必须是CFNumberRef对象,默为kCTUnderlineStyleNone 可以通过CTUnderlineStypleModifiers 进行修改下划线风格 const CFStringRef kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName;
//文字的字形方向属性 必须是CFBooleanRef 默认为false,false表示水平方向,true表示竖直方向 const CFStringRef kCTVerticalFormsAttributeName;
//字体信息属性 必须是CTGlyphInfo对象 const CFStringRef kCTGlyphInfoAttributeName;
//CTRun 委托属性 必须是CTRunDelegate对象 const CFStringRef kCTRunDelegateAttributeName举例说明:
NSMutableAttributedString *mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"This is a test of characterAttribute. 中文字符"];

//设置字体属性
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName(CFSTR("Georgia"), 40, NULL);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(id)font range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)]; 
//设置斜体字
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:20].fontName, 14, NULL);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(id)font range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
//下划线
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName value:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble] range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)]; 
//下划线颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
//设置字体简隔 eg:test
long number = 10;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTKernAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(10, 4)];
//设置连字
long number = 1;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTLigatureAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];连字还不会使用,未看到效果。//设置字体颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, 9)];
//设置字体颜色为前影色
CFBooleanRef flag = kCFBooleanTrue;
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTForegroundColorFromContextAttributeName value:(id)flag range:NSMakeRange(5, 10)];无明显效果。
//设置空心字
long number = 2;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeWidthAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
//设置空心字
long number = 2;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeWidthAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
//设置空心字颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor greenColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
在设置空心字颜色时,必须先将字体高为空心,否则设置颜色是没有效果的。
//对同一段字体进行多属性设置
//红色
NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor forKey:(id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName];
//斜体
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:20].fontName, 40, NULL);
[attributes setObject:(id)font forKey:(id)kCTFontAttributeName];
//下划线
[attributes setObject:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble] forKey:(id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName];
[mabstring addAttributes:attributes range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
最后是draw了。
-(void)characterAttribute
{
NSString *str = @"This is a test of characterAttribute. 中文字符";
NSMutableAttributedString *mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:str];
[mabstring beginEditing];
/*
long number = 1;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTCharacterShapeAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
*/
/*
//设置字体属性
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName(CFSTR("Georgia"), 40, NULL);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(id)font range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
*/
/*
//设置字体简隔 eg:test
long number = 10;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTKernAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(10, 4)];
*/
/*
long number = 1;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTLigatureAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
*/
/*
//设置字体颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, 9)];
*/
/*
//设置字体颜色为前影色
CFBooleanRef flag = kCFBooleanTrue;
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTForegroundColorFromContextAttributeName value:(id)flag range:NSMakeRange(5, 10)];
*/
/*
//设置空心字
long number = 2;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeWidthAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
//设置空心字颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor greenColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
*/
/*
long number = 1;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt8Type,&number);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTSuperscriptAttributeName value:(id)num range:NSMakeRange(3, 1)];
*/
/*
//设置斜体字
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:20].fontName, 14, NULL);
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(id)font range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
*/
/*
//下划线
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName value:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble] range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
//下划线颜色
[mabstring addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
*/
//对同一段字体进行多属性设置
//红色
NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor forKey:(id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName];
//斜体
CTFontRef font = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:20].fontName, 40, NULL);
[attributes setObject:(id)font forKey:(id)kCTFontAttributeName];
//下划线
[attributes setObject:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble] forKey:(id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName];
[mabstring addAttributes:attributes range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
NSRange kk = NSMakeRange(0, 4);
NSDictionary * dc = [mabstring attributesAtIndex:0 effectiveRange:&kk];
[mabstring endEditing];
NSLog(@"value = %@",dc);
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)mabstring);
CGMutablePathRef Path = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddRect(Path, NULL ,CGRectMake(10 , 0 ,self.bounds.size.width-10 , self.bounds.size.height-10));
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), Path, NULL);
//获取当前(View)上下文以便于之后的绘画,这个是一个离屏。
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetTextMatrix(context , CGAffineTransformIdentity);
//压栈,压入图形状态栈中.每个图形上下文维护一个图形状态栈,并不是所有的当前绘画环境的图形状态的元素都被保存。图形状态中不考虑当前路径,所以不保存
//保存现在得上下文图形状态。不管后续对context上绘制什么都不会影响真正得屏幕。
CGContextSaveGState(context);
//x,y轴方向移动
CGContextTranslateCTM(context , 0 ,self.bounds.size.height);
//缩放x,y轴方向缩放,-1.0为反向1.0倍,坐标系转换,沿x轴翻转180度
CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0 ,-1.0);
CTFrameDraw(frame,context);
CGPathRelease(Path);
CFRelease(framesetter);
}
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
[self characterAttribute];
}CORETEXT框架图

另对于Context的了解可以参考:http://www.padovo.com/blog/2013/01/31/study-coretext/
原文出处:IOS CoreText.framework --- 段落样子CTParagraphStyle
在前面一篇文章中,介绍了属性文字的基本使用,本章节主要针对文字的段落样式展开演示说明。
先定义一段演示文字(文字中有中,英文)。
NSString *src = [NSString stringWithString:@"其实流程是这样的: 1、生成要绘制的NSAttributedString对象。 2、生成一个CTFramesetterRef对象,然后创建一个CGPath对象,这个Path对象用于表示可绘制区域坐标值、长宽。 3、使用上面生成的setter和path生成一个CTFrameRef对象,这个对象包含了这两个对象的信息(字体信息、坐标信息),它就可以使用CTFrameDraw方法绘制了。"]; NSMutableAttributedString * mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:src]; long slen = [mabstring length];
在未设置段落样式的情况下,效果:

从上面的交果来看,想必大家也看到了,英文部份换行显示了。这个一般情况下不注意,但在大的段落文章中就会出现不对齐现象。
先不管上面的,下面逐个来演示一下段落属性。
段落样式定义:
kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierAlignment = 0, //对齐属性 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierFirstLineHeadIndent = 1, //首行缩进 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierHeadIndent = 2, //段头缩进 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTailIndent = 3, //段尾缩进 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTabStops = 4, //制表符模式 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierDefaultTabInterval = 5, //默认tab间隔 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode = 6, //换行模式 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineHeightMultiple = 7, //多行高 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMaximumLineHeight = 8, //最大行高 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMinimumLineHeight = 9, //最小行高 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacing = 10, //行距 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierParagraphSpacing = 11, //段落间距 在段的未尾(Bottom)加上间隔,这个值为负数。 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierParagraphSpacingBefore = 12, //段落前间距 在一个段落的前面加上间隔。TOP kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierBaseWritingDirection = 13, //基本书写方向 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMaximumLineSpacing = 14, //最大行距 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMinimumLineSpacing = 15, //最小行距 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment = 16, //行距调整 kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierCount = 17, //
对齐属性:
kCTLeftTextAlignment = 0, //左对齐 kCTRightTextAlignment = 1, //右对齐 kCTCenterTextAlignment = 2, //居中对齐 kCTJustifiedTextAlignment = 3, //文本对齐kCTNaturalTextAlignment
效果:
居中:
文本对齐Justified效果
对齐方式设置代码:
CTTextAlignment alignment = kCTJustifiedTextAlignment;
CTParagraphStyleSetting alignmentStyle;
alignmentStyle.spec=kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierAlignment;//指定为对齐属性
alignmentStyle.valueSize=sizeof(alignment);
alignmentStyle.value=&alignment;首行缩进代码:
//首行缩进
CGFloat fristlineindent = 24.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting fristline;
fristline.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierFirstLineHeadIndent;
fristline.value = &fristlineindent;
fristline.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
段头缩进代码:
//段缩进
CGFloat headindent = 10.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting head;
head.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierHeadIndent;
head.value = &headindent;
head.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
段尾缩进代码:
//段尾缩进
CGFloat tailindent = 50.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting tail;
tail.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTailIndent;
tail.value = &tailindent;
tail.valueSize = sizeof(float);
效果:
制表符(tab)代码:
//tab
CTTextAlignment tabalignment = kCTJustifiedTextAlignment;
CTTextTabRef texttab = CTTextTabCreate(tabalignment, 24, NULL);
CTParagraphStyleSetting tab;
tab.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTabStops;
tab.value = &texttab;
tab.valueSize = sizeof(CTTextTabRef);
效果(未看出哪有变化感觉行距大了点):
换行模式:
kCTLineBreakByWordWrapping = 0, //出现在单词边界时起作用,如果该单词不在能在一行里显示时,整体换行。此为段的默认值。 kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping = 1, //当一行中最后一个位置的大小不能容纳一个字符时,才进行换行。 kCTLineBreakByClipping = 2, //超出画布边缘部份将被截除。 kCTLineBreakByTruncatingHead = 3, //截除前面部份,只保留后面一行的数据。前部份以...代替。 kCTLineBreakByTruncatingTail = 4, //截除后面部份,只保留前面一行的数据,后部份以...代替。 kCTLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle = 5 //在一行中显示段文字的前面和后面文字,中间文字使用...代替。换行模式代码:
//换行模式 CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode; CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByWordWrapping;//kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping;//换行模式 lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode; lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak; lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
kCTLineBreakByWordWrapping效果:
kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping效果:
kCTLineBreakByClipping效果:
kCTLineBreakByTruncatingHead效果:
kCTLineBreakByTruncatingTail效果:
kCTLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle效果:
多行高设置代码:
//多行高
CGFloat MutiHeight = 10.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting Muti;
Muti.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineHeightMultiple;
Muti.value = &MutiHeight;
Muti.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
最大行高代码:
//最大行高
CGFloat MaxHeight = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting Max;
Max.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineHeightMultiple;
Max.value = &MaxHeight;
Max.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
行距代码:
//行距
CGFloat _linespace = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineSpaceSetting;
lineSpaceSetting.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacing;
lineSpaceSetting.value = &_linespace;
lineSpaceSetting.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
段前间距设置代码(段与段之间):
//段前间隔
CGFloat paragraphspace = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting paragraph;
paragraph.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacing;
paragraph.value = ¶graphspace;
paragraph.valueSize = sizeof(float);效果:
kCTWritingDirectionNatural = -1, //普通书写方向,一般习惯是从左到右写 kCTWritingDirectionLeftToRight = 0, //从左到右写 kCTWritingDirectionRightToLeft = 1 //从右到左写
基本书写方向代码:
//书写方向
CTWritingDirection wd = kCTWritingDirectionRightToLeft;
CTParagraphStyleSetting writedic;
writedic.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierBaseWritingDirection;
writedic.value = &wd;
writedic.valueSize = sizeof(CTWritingDirection);效果:
这个跟字体右对齐效果上类似。
好了,段落的API样式介绍到这里,里面还有很多配合设置时的效果。读者自行演示了。
下面附上draw 代码:
-(void)ParagraphStyle
{
NSString *src = [NSString stringWithString:@"其实流程是这样的: 1、生成要绘制的NSAttributedString对象。 2、生成一个CTFramesetterRef对象,然后创建一个CGPath对象,这个Path对象用于表示可绘制区域坐标值、长宽。 3、使用上面生成的setter和path生成一个CTFrameRef对象,这个对象包含了这两个对象的信息(字体信息、坐标信息),它就可以使用CTFrameDraw方法绘制了。"];
//修改windows回车换行为mac的回车换行
//src = [src stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r\n" withString:@"\n"];
NSMutableAttributedString * mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:src];
long slen = [mabstring length];
//创建文本对齐方式
CTTextAlignment alignment = kCTRightTextAlignment;//kCTNaturalTextAlignment;
CTParagraphStyleSetting alignmentStyle;
alignmentStyle.spec=kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierAlignment;//指定为对齐属性
alignmentStyle.valueSize=sizeof(alignment);
alignmentStyle.value=&alignment;
//首行缩进
CGFloat fristlineindent = 24.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting fristline;
fristline.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierFirstLineHeadIndent;
fristline.value = &fristlineindent;
fristline.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//段缩进
CGFloat headindent = 10.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting head;
head.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierHeadIndent;
head.value = &headindent;
head.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//段尾缩进
CGFloat tailindent = 50.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting tail;
tail.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTailIndent;
tail.value = &tailindent;
tail.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//tab
CTTextAlignment tabalignment = kCTJustifiedTextAlignment;
CTTextTabRef texttab = CTTextTabCreate(tabalignment, 24, NULL);
CTParagraphStyleSetting tab;
tab.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierTabStops;
tab.value = &texttab;
tab.valueSize = sizeof(CTTextTabRef);
//换行模式
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode;
CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle;//kCTLineBreakByWordWrapping;//换行模式
lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode;
lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak;
lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
//多行高
CGFloat MutiHeight = 10.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting Muti;
Muti.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineHeightMultiple;
Muti.value = &MutiHeight;
Muti.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//最大行高
CGFloat MaxHeight = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting Max;
Max.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineHeightMultiple;
Max.value = &MaxHeight;
Max.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//行距
CGFloat _linespace = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineSpaceSetting;
lineSpaceSetting.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacing;
lineSpaceSetting.value = &_linespace;
lineSpaceSetting.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//段前间隔
CGFloat paragraphspace = 5.0f;
CTParagraphStyleSetting paragraph;
paragraph.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacing;
paragraph.value = ¶graphspace;
paragraph.valueSize = sizeof(float);
//书写方向
CTWritingDirection wd = kCTWritingDirectionRightToLeft;
CTParagraphStyleSetting writedic;
writedic.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierBaseWritingDirection;
writedic.value = &wd;
writedic.valueSize = sizeof(CTWritingDirection);
//组合设置
CTParagraphStyleSetting settings[] = {
alignmentStyle
fristline,
head,
tail,
tab,
lineBreakMode,
Muti,
Max,
lineSpaceSetting,
writedic
indentSetting
};
//通过设置项产生段落样式对象
CTParagraphStyleRef style = CTParagraphStyleCreate(settings, 11);
// build attributes
NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:(id)style forKey:(id)kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName ];
// set attributes to attributed string
[mabstring addAttributes:attributes range:NSMakeRange(0, slen)];
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)mabstring);
CGMutablePathRef Path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//坐标点在左下角
CGPathAddRect(Path, NULL ,CGRectMake(10 , 10 ,self.bounds.size.width-20 , self.bounds.size.height-20));
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), Path, NULL);
//获取当前(View)上下文以便于之后的绘画,这个是一个离屏。
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetTextMatrix(context , CGAffineTransformIdentity);
//压栈,压入图形状态栈中.每个图形上下文维护一个图形状态栈,并不是所有的当前绘画环境的图形状态的元素都被保存。图形状态中不考虑当前路径,所以不保存
//保存现在得上下文图形状态。不管后续对context上绘制什么都不会影响真正得屏幕。
CGContextSaveGState(context);
//x,y轴方向移动
CGContextTranslateCTM(context , 0 ,self.bounds.size.height);
//缩放x,y轴方向缩放,-1.0为反向1.0倍,坐标系转换,沿x轴翻转180度
CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0 ,-1.0);
CTFrameDraw(frame,context);
CGPathRelease(Path);
CFRelease(framesetter);
}
-(void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
[self ParagraphStyle];
}
原文出处:IOS CoreText.framework --- 行 CTLineRef
前面两篇文章介绍了文字的样式,段落样式。本文章主要介绍行模式。CTLineRef
知识了解:
1.字符(Character)和字形(Glyphs)
排版系统中文本显示的一个重要的过程就是字符到字形的转换,字符是信息本身的元素,而字形是字符的图形表征,字符还会有其它表征比如发音。 字符在计算机中其实就是一个编码,某个字符集中的编码,比如Unicode字符集,就囊括了大都数存在的字符。 而字形则是图形,一般都存储在字体文件中,字形也有它的编码,也就是它在字体中的索引。 一个字符可以对应多个字形(不同的字体,或者同种字体的不同样式:粗体斜体等);多个字符也可能对应一个字形,比如字符的连写( Ligatures)。

Roman Ligatures
下面就来详情看看字形的各个参数也就是所谓的字形度量Glyph Metrics


- bounding box(边界框 bbox),这是一个假想的框子,它尽可能紧密的装入字形。
- baseline(基线),一条假想的线,一行上的字形都以此线作为上下位置的参考,在这条线的左侧存在一个点叫做基线的原点,
- ascent(上行高度)从原点到字体中最高(这里的高深都是以基线为参照线的)的字形的顶部的距离,ascent是一个正值
- descent(下行高度)从原点到字体中最深的字形底部的距离,descent是一个负值(比如一个字体原点到最深的字形的底部的距离为2,那么descent就为-2)
- linegap(行距),linegap也可以称作leading(其实准确点讲应该叫做External leading),行高lineHeight则可以通过 ascent + |descent| + linegap 来计算。
一些Metrics专业知识还可以参考Free Type的文档 Glyph metrics,其实iOS就是使用Free Type库来进行字体渲染的。
以上图片和部分概念来自苹果文档 Querying Font Metrics ,Text Layout
2.坐标系
首先不得不说 苹果编程中的坐标系花样百出,经常让开发者措手不及。 传统的Mac中的坐标系的原点在左下角,比如NSView默认的坐标系,原点就在左下角。但Mac中有些View为了其实现的便捷将原点变换到左上角,像NSTableView的坐标系坐标原点就在左上角。iOS UIKit的UIView的坐标系原点在左上角。
往底层看,Core Graphics的context使用的坐标系的原点是在左下角。而在iOS中的底层界面绘制就是通过Core Graphics进行的,那么坐标系列是如何变换的呢? 在UIView的drawRect方法中我们可以通过UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()来获得当前的Graphics Context。drawRect方法在被调用前,这个Graphics Context被创建和配置好,你只管使用便是。如果你细心,通过CGContextGetCTM(CGContextRef c)可以看到其返回的值并不是CGAffineTransformIdentity,通过打印出来看到值为
Printing description of contextCTM:
(CGAffineTransform) contextCTM = {
a = 1
b = 0
c = 0
d = -1
tx = 0
ty = 460
}
这是非retina分辨率下的结果,如果是如果是retina上面的a,d,ty的值将会乘2,如果是iPhone 5,ty的值会再大些。 但是作用都是一样的就是将上下文空间坐标系进行了flip,使得原本左下角原点变到左上角,y轴正方向也变换成向下。
还是老样子,拿一个事先定义好的属性字串进行开讲。
NSString *src = [NSString stringWithString:@"其实流程是这样的: 1、生成要绘制的NSAttributedString对象。 "];
NSMutableAttributedString * mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:src];
long slen = [mabstring length];将属性字串放到frame当中。
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)mabstring);
CGMutablePathRef Path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//坐标点在左下角
CGPathAddRect(Path, NULL ,CGRectMake(10 , 10 ,self.bounds.size.width-20 , self.bounds.size.height-20));
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), Path, NULL);
显示效果:

得到属性字串在frame中被自动分成了多少个行。每行中有多少个CTRun
//得到frame中的行数组
CFArrayRef rows = CTFrameGetLines(frame);
int rowcount = CFArrayGetCount(rows);
NSLog(@"rowcount = %i",rowcount);
CTLineRef line = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(rows, 0);
//从一行中得到CTRun数组
CFArrayRef runs = CTLineGetGlyphRuns(line);
int runcount = CFArrayGetCount(runs);
NSLog(@"runcount = %i",runcount);结果:
2013-03-20 23:07:38.835 CTextDemo[5612:207] rowcount = 2 2013-03-20 23:07:38.838 CTextDemo[5612:207] runcount = 17
NSAttributedString *truncatedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"\u2026"];
CTLineRef token = CTLineCreateWithAttributedString((__bridge CFAttributedStringRef)truncatedString);
CTLineTruncationType ltt = kCTLineTruncationStart;//kCTLineTruncationEnd;
CTLineRef newline = CTLineCreateTruncatedLine(line, self.bounds.size.width-200, ltt, token);
CTLineDraw(newline, context);
效果:

CTLineTruncationType 为kCTLineTrunceationEnd;


CFIndex CTLineGetGlyphCount( CTLineRef line );
获取一行中的图像个数,即有多少个CTRun。
CFArrayRef CTLineGetGlyphRuns( CTLineRef line );
获取CTRUN数组,可以通过CFArrayGetCount得到数组的个数得到的值与CTLineGetGlyphCount相同。
CGFloat CTLineGetOffsetForStringIndex( CTLineRef line, CFIndex charIndex, CGFloat* secondaryOffset );
获取一行文字中,指定charIndex字符相对x原点的偏移量,返回值与secondaryOffset同为一个值。如果charIndex超出一行的字符长度则反回最大长度结束位置的偏移量,如一行文字共有17个字符,哪么返回的是第18个字符的起始偏移,即第17个偏移+第17个字符占有的宽度=第18个起始位置的偏移。因此想求一行字符所占的像素长度时,就可以使用此函数,将charIndex设置为大于字符长度即可。
//获取整段文字中charIndex位置的字符相对line的原点的x值
CGFloat offset;
CGFloat retoffset = CTLineGetOffsetForStringIndex(line,1,&offset);
NSLog(@"return offset = %f",retoffset);
NSLog(@"output offset = %f",offset);
效果:
2013-03-21 13:37:22.330 CTextDemo[6851:207] return offset = 12.000000 2013-03-21 13:37:22.331 CTextDemo[6851:207] output offset = 12.000000

double CTLineGetPenOffsetForFlush( CTLineRef line, CGFloat flushFactor, double flushWidth );
获取相对于Flush的偏移量。即[flushwidth - line(字符占的像素)]*flushFactor/100;这是我个人推的公式,发现精确度上还存在偏差。
当flushFactor取值为0,0.5,1时分别显示的效果为左对齐,居中对齐,右对齐。演示代码:
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
NSString *src = [NSString stringWithString:@"其实流程是这样的: 1、生成要绘制的NSAttributedString对象。 "];
NSMutableAttributedString * mabstring = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:src];
long slen = [mabstring length];
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)mabstring);
CGMutablePathRef Path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//坐标点在左下角
CGPathAddRect(Path, NULL ,CGRectMake(10 , 10 ,self.bounds.size.width-20 , self.bounds.size.height-20));
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), Path, NULL);
//得到frame中的行数组
CFArrayRef rows = CTFrameGetLines(frame);
if (rows) {
const CFIndex numberOfLines = CFArrayGetCount(rows);
const CGFloat fontLineHeight = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20].lineHeight;
CGFloat textOffset = 0;
CGContextRef ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSaveGState(ctx);
CGContextTranslateCTM(ctx, rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y+[UIFont systemFontOfSize:20].ascender);
CGContextSetTextMatrix(ctx, CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1,-1));
for (CFIndex lineNumber=0; lineNumber<numberOfLines; lineNumber++) {
CTLineRef line = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(rows, lineNumber);
float flush;
switch (2) {
case UITextAlignmentCenter: flush = 0.5; break; //1
case UITextAlignmentRight: flush = 1; break; //2
case UITextAlignmentLeft: //0
default: flush = 0; break;
}
CGFloat penOffset = CTLineGetPenOffsetForFlush(line, flush, rect.size.width);
NSLog(@"penOffset = %f",penOffset);
CGContextSetTextPosition(ctx, penOffset, textOffset);//在偏移量x,y上打印
CTLineDraw(line, ctx);//draw 行文字
textOffset += fontLineHeight;
}
CGContextRestoreGState(ctx);
}
}
效果:
CFIndex CTLineGetStringIndexForPosition( CTLineRef line, CGPoint position );
获取一行中光标点击处(position)的字符索引,这个值只能为0或最大字符长度。
CFRange CTLineGetStringRange( CTLineRef line );获取一行字符占的范围(包括换行符一起计算),返回一行位置的起始位置(location)和长度(length)。location不是每行都从0开始的,而是该行的前N行字符和。
double CTLineGetTrailingWhitespaceWidth( CTLineRef line );
获取一行未尾字符后空格的像素长度。如果:"abc "后面有两个空格,返回的就是这两个空格占有的像素长度。
double wspace = CTLineGetTrailingWhitespaceWidth(line);
NSLog(@"whitespacewidth = %f",wspace);double CTLineGetTypographicBounds( CTLineRef line, CGFloat* ascent, CGFloat* descent, CGFloat* leading );
获取一行中上行高(ascent),下行高(descent),行距(leading),整行高为(ascent+|descent|+leading) 返回值为整行字符串长度占有的像素宽度。
CGFloat asc,des,lead;
double lineHeight = CTLineGetTypographicBounds(line, &asc, &des, &lead);
NSLog(@"ascent = %f,descent = %f,leading = %f,lineheight = %f",asc,des,lead,lineHeight);
CGRect CTLineGetImageBounds( CTLineRef line, CGContextRef context );获取一行文字的范围,什么意思,就是指把这一行文字点有的像素距阵作为一个image图片,来得到整个矩形区域。
演示代码:
-(void)drawBounds
{
NSString *src = [NSString stringWithString:@"其实流程是这样的: 1、生成要绘制的NSAttributedString对象。 "];
NSAttributedString * string = [[NSAttributedString alloc]initWithString:src];
CGContextRef ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetTextMatrix(ctx , CGAffineTransformIdentity);
//CGContextSaveGState(ctx);
//x,y轴方向移动
CGContextTranslateCTM(ctx , 0 ,self.bounds.size.height);
//缩放x,y轴方向缩放,-1.0为反向1.0倍,坐标系转换,沿x轴翻转180度
CGContextScaleCTM(ctx, 1.0 ,-1.0);
// layout master
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString(
(CFAttributedStringRef)string);
CGMutablePathRef Path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//坐标点在左下角
CGPathAddRect(Path, NULL ,CGRectMake(0 , 0 ,self.bounds.size.width , self.bounds.size.height));
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), Path, NULL);
CFArrayRef Lines = CTFrameGetLines(frame);
int linecount = CFArrayGetCount(Lines);
CGPoint origins[linecount];
CTFrameGetLineOrigins(frame,
CFRangeMake(0, 0), origins);
NSInteger lineIndex = 0;
for (id oneLine in (NSArray *)Lines)
{
CGRect lineBounds = CTLineGetImageBounds((CTLineRef)oneLine, ctx);
lineBounds.origin.x += origins[lineIndex].x;
lineBounds.origin.y += origins[lineIndex].y;
lineIndex++;
//画长方形
//设置颜色,仅填充4条边
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(ctx, [[UIColor redColor] CGColor]);
//设置线宽为1
CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 1.0);
//设置长方形4个顶点
CGPoint poins[] = {CGPointMake(lineBounds.origin.x, lineBounds.origin.y),CGPointMake(lineBounds.origin.x+lineBounds.size.width, lineBounds.origin.y),CGPointMake(lineBounds.origin.x+lineBounds.size.width, lineBounds.origin.y+lineBounds.size.height),CGPointMake(lineBounds.origin.x, lineBounds.origin.y+lineBounds.size.height)};
CGContextAddLines(ctx,poins,4);
CGContextClosePath(ctx);
CGContextStrokePath(ctx);
}
CTFrameDraw(frame,ctx);
CGPathRelease(Path);
CFRelease(framesetter);
}
效果图:
效果图:
通这个RECT我们可以对文字增加点击事件或其它触发动作等。 OK,CTLine 介绍完毕。
</a></p>
原文出处: IOS CoreText.framework --- 图文混排
利用CORETEXT进行图文混排。
实现代码:
void RunDelegateDeallocCallback( void* refCon ){
}
CGFloat RunDelegateGetAscentCallback( void *refCon ){
NSString *imageName = (NSString *)refCon;
return 80;//[UIImage imageNamed:imageName].size.height;
}
CGFloat RunDelegateGetDescentCallback(void *refCon){
return 0;
}
CGFloat RunDelegateGetWidthCallback(void *refCon){
NSString *imageName = (NSString *)refCon;
return 100;//[UIImage imageNamed:imageName].size.width;
}
先设置一个CTRun的委托,主要是用于指定对象的上行高,宽,或上下文释放时使用。
-(void)drawCharAndPicture
{
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetTextMatrix(context, CGAffineTransformIdentity);//设置字形变换矩阵为CGAffineTransformIdentity,也就是说每一个字形都不做图形变换
CGAffineTransform flipVertical = CGAffineTransformMake(1,0,0,-1,0,self.bounds.size.height);
CGContextConcatCTM(context, flipVertical);//将当前context的坐标系进行flip
NSLog(@"bh=%f",self.bounds.size.height);
NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"请在这里插入一张图片位置"] autorelease];
//为图片设置CTRunDelegate,delegate决定留给图片的空间大小
NSString *imgName = @"img.png";
CTRunDelegateCallbacks imageCallbacks;
imageCallbacks.version = kCTRunDelegateVersion1;
imageCallbacks.dealloc = RunDelegateDeallocCallback;
imageCallbacks.getAscent = RunDelegateGetAscentCallback;
imageCallbacks.getDescent = RunDelegateGetDescentCallback;
imageCallbacks.getWidth = RunDelegateGetWidthCallback;
CTRunDelegateRef runDelegate = CTRunDelegateCreate(&imageCallbacks, imgName);
NSMutableAttributedString *imageAttributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@" "];//空格用于给图片留位置
[imageAttributedString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTRunDelegateAttributeName value:(id)runDelegate range:NSMakeRange(0, 1)];
CFRelease(runDelegate);
[imageAttributedString addAttribute:@"imageName" value:imgName range:NSMakeRange(0, 1)];
[attributedString insertAttributedString:imageAttributedString atIndex:4];
//换行模式
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode;
CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping;
lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode;
lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak;
lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
CTParagraphStyleSetting settings[] = {
lineBreakMode
};
CTParagraphStyleRef style = CTParagraphStyleCreate(settings, 1);
// build attributes
NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:(id)style forKey:(id)kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName ];
// set attributes to attributed string
[attributedString addAttributes:attributes range:NSMakeRange(0, [attributedString length])];
CTFramesetterRef ctFramesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFMutableAttributedStringRef)attributedString);
CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGRect bounds = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, self.bounds.size.width, self.bounds.size.height);
CGPathAddRect(path, NULL, bounds);
CTFrameRef ctFrame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(ctFramesetter,CFRangeMake(0, 0), path, NULL);
CTFrameDraw(ctFrame, context);
CFArrayRef lines = CTFrameGetLines(ctFrame);
CGPoint lineOrigins[CFArrayGetCount(lines)];
CTFrameGetLineOrigins(ctFrame, CFRangeMake(0, 0), lineOrigins);
NSLog(@"line count = %ld",CFArrayGetCount(lines));
for (int i = 0; i < CFArrayGetCount(lines); i++) {
CTLineRef line = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(lines, i);
CGFloat lineAscent;
CGFloat lineDescent;
CGFloat lineLeading;
CTLineGetTypographicBounds(line, &lineAscent, &lineDescent, &lineLeading);
NSLog(@"ascent = %f,descent = %f,leading = %f",lineAscent,lineDescent,lineLeading);
CFArrayRef runs = CTLineGetGlyphRuns(line);
NSLog(@"run count = %ld",CFArrayGetCount(runs));
for (int j = 0; j < CFArrayGetCount(runs); j++) {
CGFloat runAscent;
CGFloat runDescent;
CGPoint lineOrigin = lineOrigins[i];
CTRunRef run = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(runs, j);
NSDictionary* attributes = (NSDictionary*)CTRunGetAttributes(run);
CGRect runRect;
runRect.size.width = CTRunGetTypographicBounds(run, CFRangeMake(0,0), &runAscent, &runDescent, NULL);
NSLog(@"width = %f",runRect.size.width);
runRect=CGRectMake(lineOrigin.x + CTLineGetOffsetForStringIndex(line, CTRunGetStringRange(run).location, NULL), lineOrigin.y - runDescent, runRect.size.width, runAscent + runDescent);
NSString *imageName = [attributes objectForKey:@"imageName"];
//图片渲染逻辑
if (imageName) {
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName];
if (image) {
CGRect imageDrawRect;
imageDrawRect.size = image.size;
imageDrawRect.origin.x = runRect.origin.x + lineOrigin.x;
imageDrawRect.origin.y = lineOrigin.y;
CGContextDrawImage(context, imageDrawRect, image.CGImage);
}
}
}
}
CFRelease(ctFrame);
CFRelease(path);
CFRelease(ctFramesetter);
}
效果:

从上面看大家可能没有发现什么问题,当把图片放在字的最左边会是什么样子的?

因此为了避免这种情况发生,我在代码中添加了换行模式。添加换行后的效果:

kCTNaturalTextAlignment